Climate Action

All natural resources such as forests are subject to disturbances and damage.

The study offers a comprehensive overview of forests and the forest sector within the boreal biome and delves into the importance of boreal forests in environmental social and economic contexts. The study is based on a thorough review of existing literature and data on boreal forests and country-specific national overviews prepared for this project by six UNECE countries with boreal forests. Despite their importance boreal forests receive less attention than tropical forests. The study addresses this gap examining their characteristics management practices and challenges.

The ecosystem services framework while not widely applied to boreal forestry offers a valuable approach to highlight the diverse global and local benefits of boreal forests.

The study found that despite the importance of the boreal biome there are important gaps in knowledge about the biome’s forests their role in sustainable development and their future.

Sustainable forest management (SFM) is defined as the sustainable use and conservation of forests with the aim of maintaining and enhancing multiple forest values through human interventions.

The study offers a comprehensive overview of forests and the forest sector within the boreal biome and delves into the importance of boreal forests in environmental social and economic contexts.

The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive analysis of rechargeable battery chemistries with respect to key characteristics such as technical performance competitiveness of each chemistry and environmental sustainability. In addition the report discusses trade opportunities of the raw materials needed in a variety of battery chemistries. The report also aims to provide policymakers with information that will contribute to designing effective strategies to leverage their resources to foster economic growth and policies to promote recycling of raw materials given the growing demand for rechargeable batteries and the finite nature of raw materials.

This report was prepared under the overall guidance of Luz Maria De La Mora Director of the Division on International Trade and Commodities of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) by a team led by Rachid Amui under supervision of Clovis Freire and with research inputs from Sofia Dominguez and Chengcheng Yan and Cosimo Frontera (UNCTAD Interns) and Arthur Magro (UNCTAD Consultant).

As the energy transition rapidly expands demand for critical minerals used in battery technologies is expected to rise sharply.